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In recent years a great number of doublestranded RNAs have been detected in different viruses Viruses grown on fungi represent a special group, usually containing multiple doublestranded RNAs and in some cases both doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) and singlestranded RNA (ssRNA) in the same virion l51Doublestrand RNA (dsRNA) is a signal for genespecific silencing of expression in a number of organisms This phenomenon was demonstrated recently in Caenorhabditis eleganswhen dsRNA was injected into the worm and the corresponding gene products disappeared from both the somatic cells of the organism as well as in its F 1 progeny (Fire et al 1998)In RNA interference introducing short doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) segments into the cells of nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans) The dsRNA segments underwent enzymatic processing that enabled them to attach to molecules of messenger RNA (mRNA) possessing complementary nucleotide sequences

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Double stranded rna base pairs- Meister G, Tuschl T (04) Mechanisms of gene silencing by doublestranded RNA Nature 431 343–349 View Article Google Scholar 12 JonesRhoades MW, Bartel DP, Bartel B (06) MicroRNAS and their regulatory roles in plants Annu Rev Plant Biol 57 19–53 View Article As a result, they are remarkably adept at antagonizing doublestranded RNA (dsRNA)induced pathways that are essential components of the host innate immune response (4 ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ –8) In addition, CoV lineagespecific genes encoding accessory proteins, which are nonessential for RNA replication and variable among CoV lineages, further divide

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Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) referred to as AtoI RNA editing This may affect gene expression and function in a number of ways that include mRNA translation by changing codons and hence the amino acid sequence of proteins; Doublestranded RNA has a positive twist–stretch coupling ( A ) Time traces of the extension of a dsRNA tether held at F = 7 pN and underwound by −6 or overwound by 12 turns Raw traces (1 Hz) are in red and filtered data (10 Hz) are in grayDoublestranded RNA (dsRNA) is RNA with two complementary strands, similar to the DNA found in all cells, but with the replacement of thymine by uracil dsRNA forms the genetic material of some viruses (doublestranded RNA viruses) Doublestranded RNA, such as viral RNA or siRNA, can trigger RNA interference in eukaryotes, as well as interferon response in vertebrates

Doublestranded (ds) RNA is generated in host cells during the replication of most viruses The host innate immune system thus recognizes dsRNA as a PAMP, inducing robust immune responses that are characterized by the production of type I IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines The antidouble stranded DNA (antidsDNA) test is used to help diagnose lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE) in a person who has a positive result on a test for antinuclear antibody (ANA) and has clinical signs and symptoms that suggest lupus Typically, an ANA test is the first test performed to evaluate an individual for an autoimmuneDoublestranded RNA in banana plants infected with bunchy top disease Journal of General Virology Dickinson M J, Pryor A J 19 Encapsidated and unencapsidated doublestranded RNAs in flax rust, Melampsora h i Canadian Journal of Botany 67 Dodds J A, BarJoseph M 19

 We show that Nprotein recognizes at least two separate and distinct RNA motifs, both of which require doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) for LLPS These motifs are separately recognized by Nprotein's two RNA binding domains (RBDs) Although complementary strands of RNA or DNA easily combine to form stable, double helices, chemical differences between RNA and DNA drive RNA helices into the Aform, while DNA helices assume the BformSUMMARY Since doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) has not until recently generally been thought to be deliberately expressed in cells, it has commonly been assumed that the major source of cellular dsRNA is viral infections In this view, the cellular responses to dsRNA would be natural and perhaps ancient antiviral responses While the cell may certainly react to some dsRNAs as an antiviral

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Mechanistic analysis demonstrated that the doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) sensor MDA5 was necessary for innate immune response activation and that transient knockdown of MDA5, or MAVS, decreased IFNβ expression while increasing transgene production in AAVtransduced cells Doublestranded RNA (or dsRNA), as is seen here, can be used to block the expression of specific genes EQUINOX GRAPHICS / Science Photo Library / Getty Images RNA molecules are produced in the nucleus of our cells and can also be found in the cytoplasm The three primary types of RNA molecules are messenger RNA, transfer RNA and ribosomal RNAMechanisms of RNA Interference or RNAi Doublestranded RNAs or dsRNA are used to silence the expression of target genes via RNA interference After introduction of the dsRNA into an organism, it is processed and broken down into small interfering RNA or siRNA by an enzyme called Dicer Then, siRNA bind to RNAinduced silencing complexes or RISCs

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The birth of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is closely associated with the presence and activation of repetitive elements in the genome The transcription of endogenous retroviruses as well as long and short interspersed elements is not only essential for evolving lncRNAs but is also a significant source of doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) Endogenous RNA transcription characterizes doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses in the Reoviridae, a family that is exemplified by its simple, singleshelled member cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar ribose The only difference between ribose and deoxyribose is that ribose has one more OH group than deoxyribose, which has H attached to the second (2') carbon in the ring DNA is a doublestranded molecule, while RNA is a singlestranded molecule

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 Doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) is a virusencoded signature capable of triggering intracellular Riglike receptors (RLR) to activate antiviralMany RNA's have a single strand — but a lot of double stranded structure That is because like proteins, many RNA's do a job, and form determines function, so that they have to have secondary structure (the double helix) and tertiary structure (thIn a double stranded RNA form, retroviruses infect a host cell with their genome, and then are reverse transcribed into double stranded DNA, with the DNA then integrated into the home cell genome When integrated into a host genome, a retrovirus is hard to detect and can lay dormant for prolonged periods, having no discernible effect on the host

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Over the past decade our doublestranded RNA (dsRNA)antibodies have been used extensively to detect and characterise plant and animal viruses with dsRNA genomes or intermediates In addition, the antidsRNA antibodies can be used as a diagnostic tool to detect pathogens, including detection in paraffinembedded fixed tissue samples (Richardson et al 10)Double stranded RNA is often a sign of trouble because many viruses form long strands of doublestranded RNA as they replicate their genome RNA interference is a process that occurs in plant and animal cells that attacks the viral RNA, and short sequences of double stranded RNA called small interfering RNA (siRNA) are involved in this process 2The laboratory test results are NOT to be interpreted as results of a "standalone" test

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 What is the Significance of the DoubleStranded DNA Antibody Blood Test Result? Their function was mysterious at the time It turns out that ADARs specifically edit a molecule called doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) When viruses infect cells in animals, including humans, they make dsRNA, which the innate immune system detects as a sign that a cell has been invaded It also turns out that animal cells make their own dsRNARNA is typically not double stranded, but not because it can't be The bonding that occurs between strands is almost identical to that of DNA, except that RNA involves the slightly less stable UA hydrogen bonds However in biological systems, it

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Replication occurs in host cytoplasm and converts ssmRNA to dsgenomic RNA But dsRNA is a kind of molecule that cells do not produce, and eukaryotic hosts have various antiviral systems that detect and inactivate dsRNA To circumvent this defenses, many dsRNA viruses are replicating their RNA inside icosahedral capsids1 Doublestranded DNA unwinds at the replication origin 2 Producing singlestranded templates for the synthesis of new DNA A replication bubble forms, usually with a replication form at each end 3 The forks proceed around the circle 4 Eventually two circular DNA molecules are produced Conclusion the products of theta replication are two circular DNA molecules Origin ofA positive DoubleStranded DNA Antibody Blood Test may indicate lupus in 5070% of cases, if preceded by a positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) blood test;

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Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a molecule similar to DNA Unlike DNA, RNA is singlestranded An RNA strand has a backbone made of alternating sugar (ribose) and phosphate groups Attached to each sugar is one of four basesadenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine , or guanine (G) Different types of RNADouble stranded RNA, also known as dsRNA, usually shows up in viruses and is somewhat unusual In viruses, it is a unique characteristic, and only a small number of viral families exhibit this trait RNA hybridization happens when one RNA strand combines, or hybridizes, with either another RNA strand or a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strandPremRNA splicing by altering splice site recognition sequences;

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How RNAi Works The term RNA interference (RNAi) was coined to describe a cellular mechanism that use the gene's own DNA sequence of gene to turn it off, a process that researchers call silencingIn a wide variety of organisms, including animals, plants, and fungi, RNAi is triggered by doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) During RNAi, long dsRNA is cut or "diced" into small fragments Generally, RNA is a singlestranded molecule, unlike DNA double helix In the Baltimore classification of viruses, Group III, Group IV and Group V include RNA viruses Some viruses have an ssRNA or singlestranded RNA genome Therefore, their genome is made from one strand of RNA Moreover, some viruses have dsRNA or doublestranded RNA genome A research group led by Professor Seiichi Nishizawa at Tohoku University's Graduate School of Science has reported a new RNA probe that binds to doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) in a sequencespecific

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 A telltale sign of viral invasion, doublestranded RNA sounds cellular alarm bells that touch off a firestorm of interferon According to a paper published July 7 in Science Translational Medicine, dsRNAs that arise from nonviral sources, including hexanucleotide expansions in the C9ORF72 gene, can also instigate harmful inflammationOver the past decade our doublestranded RNA (dsRNA)antibodies have been used extensively to detect and characterise plant and animal viruses with dsRNA genomes or intermediates In addition, the antidsRNA antibodies can be used as a diagnostic tool to detect pathogens, including detection in paraffinembedded fixed tissue samples (Richardson et al 10)Doublestranded RNA synonyms, Doublestranded RNA pronunciation, Doublestranded RNA translation, English dictionary definition of Doublestranded RNA RNA A adenine U uracil C cytosine G guanine n

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 When recognized by the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) produced in eukaryotic cells results in posttranscriptional gene silencing In addition, dsRNA can trigger the interferon response as part of the immune response in vertebrates In this study, we show that dsRNA, but not short interfering RNA (siRNA), induces the expression of qdeDoublestranded RNA is generated in the cytoplasm during replication of positivestrand RNA and DNA viruses 95 There is accumulating evidence that the TLR3–TICAM1 signaling is involved in protection against virus infectionThe production of doublestranded RNA under the process results in vivo stability, thereby causing a considerable increase in potency compared to the intrinsically unstable dsRNA Riboxx Pharmaceuticals receives patent for doublestranded RNA manufacturing process

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 In our system we have specific miRNA (micro RNA) that are somewhat complementary to rticles/PMC/The SuperScript® DoubleStranded cDNA Synthesis Kit contains all of the reagents (except an oligo (dT)containing primer) necessary to make highquality, doublestranded cDNA from total RNA or poly A selected RNA (mRNA)The advanced capabilities of SuperScript® II Reverse Transcriptase, with its reduced RNase H activity, maximize the yield of fulllength cDNA, as well as that of

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